PSY403: Social Psychology Notes (pdf)
Social psychology is the study of how individual or group behavior is influenced by the presence and behavior of others. The fundamental question that social scientists are considering is: How and why are people’s attitudes and actions influenced by environmental factors, such as social interaction?
PSY403 Handouts pdf
Course Category: Psychology PSY403 Handouts pdf
Course Outline
Introduction To Social Psychology, Conducting Research In Social Psychology, The Self, Person Perception, Attribution, Attribution Errors, Social Cognition, Attitudes, Attitude Formation, Attitude And Behavior, Attitude Change, Prejudice And Discrimination, Reducing Prejudice And Discrimination, Interpersonal Attraction, Intimate Relationships, Social Influence, Aggression, Reducing Aggression, Prosocial Behavior, Group Behavior, Interpersonal Power: Leadership, Social Psychology Applied: Social Psychology In Court, Social Psychology Applied: Social Psychology In Clinics. PSY403 Handouts pdf
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PSY403 HANDOUTS
PSY403: Social Psychology Notes (pdf)
How does Others’ Presence Affect an individual?
The sociological theory suggests that scientific research into how human thoughts, feelings, and behavior are influenced by the existence, reality, or perceptions of other people. To better understand this definition, let us consider a few examples.
Actual Presence of people affecting the individual:
First, for example, consider how the presence of others can affect one’s thoughts, feelings, and behavior. The reaction of the cricketers may be different when the fans of the opposing team shout and make noise to distract the players. Similarly, your behavior will change if you see that something is wrong.
Imagined Presence of people affecting the individual:
When it comes to the effect that the presence of others can have on your thoughts, feelings, and behavior, reflect on the past when you are contemplating doing something that goes against your parents’ wishes. Although they may not have been present at all, did their supposed presence have an effect on your conduct?
For example, if your parents forbid you to smoke, and then you start smoking at a party because of peer pressure, does their supposed presence affect your behavior? The hypothetical existence in some cases can be very powerful, as Shaw (2003) points out, “Imaginative statistics can guide our actions by shaping our meaning of events as surely as those who do exist”.
In a few cases, having a positive outlook can also help us to combat negative feelings. For example, McGowan (2002) pointed out that in perceived anxiety the presence of others can act as a cover for emotional protection. Similarly, the daughter of a well-known psychologist told her father that she wanted to be as brave as the two young witches, Hermione and Harry in Harry Potter’s books.
Implied Presence of people affecting the individual:
Finally, how does the presence of others affect a person? If you knew how to drive on a highway, you would realize that signs of speeding alertness are keeping you alert. Similarly, in stores sometimes posters indicate “You are being watched” … All of this makes you aware of yourself and brings about a change in your behavior.
