BT302 FINAL TERM PAST PAPERS MEGA FILES
Past Papers(Solved): Essential Clinical Immunology
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BT302: Immunology
It is generally believed that the immune system evolved as a host defense against infectious agents, and it is well-known that patients with defective immune systems are often immune to these infectious diseases. However, as we will see, it can play a key role in eliminating other external factors, including tumors of tumors or cells and the immune system.
The immune response can be easily divided into two parts: (1) a specific response to a given antigen and (2) a more nonspecific augmentation in that response. The specific key factor the answer is that there is a quick response to antigen during secondary exposure to that antigen. It’s the first memory feedback that gives a booster effect. BT302 FINAL TERM PAST PAPERS MEGA FILES
Antigens
Antigens are any substances present that he knows, under the right circumstances, promote the formation of antibodies as well as a special reaction with the immune system it is thus produced. They responded with both T-cells recognition receptors and antibodies. These antigenic molecules may have several antigenic properties, called epitopes, and each episode can be bound by a specific immune system. Thus, a single antigen can bind to many different antibodies binding sites.
ANTIBODY
The basic structure of the antibody molecule is shown in Figures 1.2A and B. It contains a four-chain structure divided into two identical heavy (H) heavy chains weight of 25 kDa cells. Each chain is composed of 110 amino acid domains and connected to the loop by a disulfide bond between two cysteine residues in like tango. BT302 FINAL TERM PAST PAPERS MEGA FILES
T-CELLS AND THEIR RECEPTORS
Each T cell is dedicated to giving something antigen and recognizes it in particular both TCRs. They may have built-in TCR2 gamma chains (γ) and delta (δ) or TCR2s developed another alpha heterodimer (α) and beta chains (β). These are TCR2 associated with a group of transmembrane proteins in the CD3 molecule, which takes the antigen signaling signal inside the cell. BT302 FINAL TERM PAST PAPERS MEGA FILES
The main function of the immune system is the microbial infection control system. Therefore, disruption caused by disability Immunodeficiency triggers an increase in infections. Immuno-deficiency may appear from the internal deficit of half of the antibodies (primary immunodeficiency, or PID). Otherwise, immunodeficiency may be second to none pathological condition, which adversely affects body function. BT302 FINAL TERM PAST PAPERS MEGA FILES
Antibody deficiency can be defined as a condition characterized by a decreased concentration of serum immunoglobulin less than five cents a year. Antibody deficiency may affect all classes of immunoglobulins or may confine one isotype.
Despite many efforts to improve the filter and an effective HIV vaccine, the results so far have been negative though controversial at best. Among the reasons for the situation has become a very serious genetic variation of viruses and variants features of HIV envelope proteins. One something we learned from HIV research pathogenesis, however, has been a vaccine that introduces a strong and direct T-cell immune response in the absence of broadly neutralizing antibodies may blunt initial viremia, even if the infection is not completely prevented.
